Calories, and grams of protein eaten can be measured. Calories burned, and a calorie deficits can be calculated.
Yes, this is true.
I don't know if this helps you or anybody else who struggles with eating too much. I've been that guy a lot. Sometimes if we eat too much, we also will over-exercise in response. That's the wrong way.
Better to go lighter on the food and just eat under the level you body needs. Or if you're maintaining weight, eat what it needs. This is different for everyone.
Two stories, one funny, one just instructional.
Mr. Rogers held the same body weight in perfect stability for most of his life. Keep in mind this guy was supposedly six feet even. He stayed at 143 lbs. Why?
Because the number of letters in the phrase "I love you" are 1 - 4 - 3. Crazy, right? But he ate carefully and liked the regularly swim. He was a swimmer.
To me that's crazy light, but he was healthy and raised a family with a loving wife. They were married from 1952 until he died in 2003.
Other story.
I have had some eating disorder problems in the past. Fairly well managed most of the time now, but at some low points I would really stress-eat and pack away those buffet meals.
To learn how to fix this problem I took part in an eating addiction group for a few years and worked with an older man. He was a thin man who used to be giantly obese. I never got that heavy but when I did it was too much for me and I have always been terrified of going that route.
So, what he taught me is that he doesn't bother counting calories. He just has a list of safe foods, foods which are rare to eat, and forbidden foods. If someone is addicted to a chemical or substance, they need to abstain completely from it. But with food addiction a person can't just stop eating entirely forever.
So, the way he explained it was that he sees every meal each day as a tiger he has to let out of a cage. Then he has to put it back in the cage, which for him requires effort. And, he knows that he eats compulsively when he doesn't really need to eat, so every time he is considering eating he stops to ask himself if his body needs this food or if he is engaging in his compulsive behavior. The dude lost hundreds of pounds this way.
Anyway I do like to understand how many calories are in my normal staple foods and especially look at the calories when I think of buying something stupid because I'm on the go and in a certain emotional state, but generally I use the other guy's method.